Degenerative joint disease has a multifactorial pathophysiology encompassing synovial joint disorders. Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modifies inflammatory processes and promotes regeneration of damaged tissue. Our goal is to determine the safety and efficacy of MSCs as an intravenous treatment for canine patients with degenerative joint disease, as well as the synergy with low level laser therapy (LLLT).

Twenty-two dogs diagnosed with elbow, hip or knee degenerative joint disease were treated with: MSCs (n=7), LLLT (n=7) or both therapies (n=8). Body examinations and blood tests were performed during follow-up to evaluate safety. Imaging was used to apply the Bioarth scale and COAST criteria, considering the degree of pain and affected joints. Measurement of muscle mass and Range of Motion (ROM) of the affected joints was performed. TNF-a, IL1-b, and IL-6 were determined. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed with owners’ questionnaires. Study approved by the Health Sciences Ethics Committee of Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio.

All dogs maintained good QOL during follow-up without side effects and movement disorders diminished. Post-treatment imaging of a combination therapy treated-dog showed increased bone density in the hip joint and organized bone tissue growth in the femoral head and neck. No variations in cytokines were detected during follow-up.

Therefore, MSCs administered intravenously, in addition to being proposed as a safe tool (alone or in combination with LLLT) for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases, lead to bone regeneration processes, showing promising results in dogs.